-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SANTIAGO PEREZ DE MANOSALBAS
Born on the eighth of September 1830, he was president of Colombia on the first
of April 1874, and exiled from the country on the fourteenth of August 1893 by
the vicepresident of the republic. He died in Paris on the fifth of August 1900.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technorati Profile:lt
cr:
style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">
My father Ismael Camacho Arango wrote called a book called siete minutos, a long time
ago. I have just translated it from the Spanish. I dedicate this poem to the
book.
SIETE MINUTOS
Starting through a path
Full of problems and dangers
Homer wanted to have some money
As Maria cleaned the shop
Miguel saw to the customers
And Jose danced around the tree of life
Then an Indian took him in a journey
To the ends of the earth
Full of ghosts and coca leaves
Where Homer found some papers
That changed his life
Bringing apocalypse to his soul
Homer you?re my hero
=====================================
To start the story of my family I have to go backwards in time to the Mitochondrial Eve
Mitochondrial Eve (mt-mrca) is the name given by researchers to the woman who is
defined as the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for all currently living
humans. Passed down from mothers to offspring for over a hundred thousand years, her
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is now found in all living humans: every mtDNA in every
living person is derived from hers. Mitochondrial Eve is the female counterpart of
Y-chromosomal Adam, the patrilineal most recent common ancestor, although they lived at
different times.
She is believed to have lived about 140,000 years ago in what is now Ethiopia, Kenya or
Tanzania. The time she lived is calculated based on the molecular
clock technique of correlating elapsed time with observed genetic drift.
Mitochondrial Eve is the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all humans via the
mitochondrial DNA pathway, not the unqualified MRCA of all humanity. All living humans
can trace their ancestry back to the MRCA via at least one of their parents, but
Mitochondrial Eve is defined via the maternal line. Therefore, she necessarily lived
much longer ago than the MRCA of all humanity.
The existence of Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam does not imply the existence
of population bottlenecks or a first couple. They each lived within a large human
population at a different time. Some of their contemporaries have no living descendants
today, and others are ancestors of all people alive today. No contemporary of
Mitochondrial Eve or Y-chromosomal Adam is an ancestor of only a subset of people alive
today, because both of them lived much longer ago than the identical ancestors point.
To find the Mitochondrial Eve of all humans living today, one can start by listing all
individuals alive today. For every individual (males and females), trace a line from
the individual to his/her mother. Then continue those lines from each of those mothers
to their mothers, and so on, effectively tracing a family tree backward in time based
purely on mitochondrial lineages. Going back through time these mitochondrial lineages
will converge when two or more women have the same mother. The further back in time one
goes, the fewer mitochondrial ancestors of living humans there will be. Eventually only
one is left, and this one is the most recent common matrilineal ancestor of all humans
alive today, i.e. Mitochondrial Eve.
It is possible to draw the same matrilineal tree forward in time by starting with all
contemporary human females of Mitochondrial Eve. Some of these women may have died
childless. Others left only male children. For the rest who became mothers with at
least one daughter, one can trace a line forward in time connecting them to their
daughter(s). As the forward lineages progress in time, more and more lineage lines
become extinct, as the last female in a line dies childless or leaves no female
children. Eventually, only one single lineage remains, which includes all mothers, and
in the next generation, all people, and hence all people alive today.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve
======================================
OUT OF AFRICA
The African ice age was characterized by drought rather than by cold. It was around
50,000 years ago that the ice sheets of northern Europe began to melt, introducing a
period of warmer temperatures and moister climate in Africa. Parts of the inhospitable
Sahara briefly became habitable.
Moving Through the Middle East
The first people to leave Africa likely followed a coastal route that eventually ended
in Australia.
Beginning about 40,000 years ago, the climate shifted once again and became colder and
more arid. Drought hit Africa and the grasslands reverted to desert, and for the next
20,000 years, the Saharan Gateway was effectively closed. With the desert impassable,
my ancestors had two options: remain in the Middle East, or move on. Retreat back to
the home continent was not an option.
While many people remained in the Middle East, others continued to follow the great
herds of buffalo, antelope, woolly mammoths, and other game through
what is now modern-day Iran to the vast steppes of Central Asia.
These semi-arid grass-covered plains formed an ancient "superhighway" stretching from
eastern France to Korea. People migrated out of Africa into the
Middle East, then traveled both east and west along this Central Asian superhighway. A
smaller group continued moving north from the Middle East to Anatolia and the Balkans,
trading familiar grasslands for forests and high country.
The Eurasian Clan Spreads Wide and Far
This large lineage, known as the Eurasian Clan, dispersed gradually over thousands of
years. Seasoned hunters followed the herds ever eastward, along the vast super highway
of Eurasian steppe. Eventually their path was blocked by the massive mountain ranges of
south Central Asia?the Hindu Kush, the Tian Shan, and the Himalayas.
The three mountain ranges meet in a region known as the "Pamir Knot," located in
present-day Tajikistan. Here the tribes of hunters split into two groups. Some moved
north into Central Asia, others moved south into what is now Pakistan and the Indian
subcontinent.
These different migration routes through the Pamir Knot region gave rise to separate
lineages.
Most people native to the Northern Hemisphere trace their roots to the Eurasian Clan.
Nearly all North Americans and East Asians are descended from the people described
above,as are most Europeans and many Indians.
The Journey Through Central Asia
The Eurasian Clan that had moved to the north of the mountainous Hindu Kush and onto
the game-rich steppes of present-day Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan, and southern Siberia.
Although big game was plentiful, the environment on the Eurasian steppes became
increasing hostile as the glaciers of the Ice Age began to expand once again. The
reduction in rainfall may have induced desertlike conditions on the southern steppes,
forcing my ancestors to follow the herds of game north.
Leaving Central Asia
After spending considerable time in Central Asia, refining skills to survive in harsh
new conditions and exploit new resources, a group from the Central Asian Clan began to
head west towards the European sub-continent.
They ultimately split into two distinct groups, with one continuing onto the
European subcontinent, and the other group turning south and eventually making it as
far as India.
Colonizing Europe. The First Modern Europeans
During this period, the Eurasian steppelands extended from present-day Germany, and
possibly France, to Korea and China. The climate fostered a land rich in resources and
opened a window into Europe.
Homosapiens arrival in Europe heralded the end of the era of the Neandertals, a
hominid species that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia from about 29,000 to
230,000 years ago.
Better communication skills, weapons, and resourcefulness probably
enabled my ancestors to outcompete Neandertals for scarce resources.
This wave of migration into western Europe marked the appearance and spread of what
archaeologists call the Aurignacian culture.
The large number of archaeological sites found in Europe from around 30,000 years ago
indicates that there was an increase in population size.
==============================================
Homosapiens journey through Asia to America
Eearly hunters crossed the Asian continent until the arrived at North Asia or Siberia.
Ten to fifteen thousand years ago, the weather was colder and waves of people crossed
the Bering Straight to colonise a continent.
======================================
What is a haplogroup?
A haplogroup is defined by a series of markers that are shared by other people who
carry the same random mutations. The markers trace the path they took as they moved
out of Africa. It's difficult to know how many people worldwide belong to any
particular haplogroup, or even how many haplogroups there are, because scientists
simply don't have enough data yet.
http://www.voneyben.dk/Genographic.htm
======================================
Where my family comes from in the world
SPAIN
VALENCIA- SPAIN
Camacho
Origen : Valenciano. Su origen anterior es discutido, algunos tratadistas sostienen que
proviene de Francia y otros opinan que su tronco se encontraba en Portugal. Es posible
que lo trajese a Espana alguno de los caballeros que pasaron al servicio del rey de
Aragon en los tiempos de la Reconquista espanola. Una rama se establecio en Jerez de la
Frontera, extendiendose a Valdepenas, en Ciudad Real, Aragon y el resto de la
peninsula. Este apellido paso tambien al continente americano, sobre todo a Venezuela,
Bolivia, Colombia, asi como otros paises de la America Hispana
BURGOS
Burgos is a city of northern Spain, at the edge of the central plateau, with about
173,600 inhabitants in the city proper and another 10,000 in its suburbs. It is the
capital of the province of Burgos. The Burgos Laws or Leyes de Burgos were promulgated
there in 1512.
ANDALUCIA
THE MOORS IN SPAIN
The Spanish occupation by the Moors began in 711 AD when a Berber Muslim army, under
their leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, crossed the Strait of Gibraltar from northern Africa and
invaded the Iberian peninsula. Roderick, the last of the Visigoth kings of Spain, was
defeated at the Battle of Rio Barbate and by 719 AD the Moors had conquered the entire
area from the coast to the Pyrenees.
The knowledge accumulated by the Greek, Roman and Egyptian civilizations was pretty
much unknown to the primitive peoples of medieval Europe. What little knowledge was
left was mostly because of the monks of the early church laboring in their scriptoria.
Much of their output was limited to Holy Scripture and other Christian works.
This all began to change when in 1085 AD the Spanish city of Toledo was reconquered by
Christian crusaders. During the next hundred and fifty years, much of the accumulated
Arab knowledge was translated making it available to the rest of western Europe.
Ironically, a lot of this knowledge could have been available much earlier since in
Toledo, Christians continued to thrive even under Muslim occupation and were in fact
actively studying the Arab works. Elsewhere, another large body of Arab and Greek work
became known via Sicily which fell to the Christians in 1091 AD. Much of Aristotle's
work in biology as well as the Arab knowledge of alchemy arrived in Europe via this route.
Meanwhile in the rest of Europe, the dark ages which were characterized by the rule of
marauding warlords and their minions, gradually gave way to a system of governance
called feudalism. What had been a collection of rag tag bands became a more formal
structure of Feudal lords, knights and indentured serfs. A similar hierarchical
structure developed in the church.
While in some ways this structure helped the spread of knowledge, in other ways it
became a hindrance as superstition of one kind gave way to another. The spread of Arab
knowledge through the rest of Europe was a golden opportunity which if not lost was
certainly delayed as empire building within the church carried on apace.
The ultimate irony is that while Europe languished in barbarism and ignorance the torch
of learning was kept brightly burning by the Arab world. The more things change, the
more they stay...
http://www.scienceandyou.org/articles/ess_06.shtml
=======================================
THE CONQUEST OF COLOMBIA
Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada, Nikolaus Federmann, and Sebastian de Belalcazar figured
prominently in the exploration of the interior. In 1536 Jimenez de Quesada set out in
search of a path to Peru. During the course of his journey, he encountered the Muisca
in the Sabana de Bogota and in 1538 founded the city of Santa Fe de Bogota (present-day
Bogota)--the eventual power center for the colony of New Granada. Federmann explored
the eastern plains, crossed the Cordillera Oriental, and arrived at Bogota in 1539.
Traveling northward from Peru, Belalcazar established the cities of Popayan and
Santiago de Cali (present-day Cali). Other members of his group traveled northward and
founded Cartago and Anserma. In 1539 Belalcazar arrived in Bogota, where the three
conquistadors negotiated the division of the newly explored territory.
The expeditions that these men led provided the basis for the settlement of the
highlands interior that played a significant role in the future life of the colony. To
an even greater extent than in Peru and New Spain (present-day Mexico), many of the
population centers established during the conquest were located in remote intermontane
valleys and plateaus. This contributed to New Granada's becoming one of the most
isolated of all the colonies of the Spanish Empire in the New World.
======================================
Puglia-ITALY
CIANCIA SURNAME IN ITALY
Puglia, the remote heel of Italy's boot, dramatically combines fairytale cottages,
Baroque churches and Pagan dances. This captivating region is served by two airports in
the towns of Bari and Brindisi, but the area is not an obvious destination for foreign
visitors. Italian families return every year in July and August to the half-board
hotels, campsites and tourist villages that proliferate the coast. But handsome Baroque
towns such as Martina Franca and the engaging Lecce - the 'Florence of the Baroque',
see only a handful of visitors each day. And if you decide to explore some of the
area's more remote Basilian chapels or prehistoric dolmens, you will be gloriously alone.
=========================
Hampshire- ENGLAND
Hampshire is a county on the South Coast of England stretching inland to within 30
miles of London.
King Alfred's statue in Winchester
Evidence of Saxon settlement and culture can be traced today through architectural
remains and placenames. Some of the churches in Hampshire which contain Saxon features
include Romsey Abbey, Headbourne Worthy, Breamore and Fareham. A fragment from a Saxon
cross survives at Wherwell, whilst the tombstone of Frithburga can be seen at
Whitchurch. A number of settlement names have survived in whole or in part across the
county, including Southampton, a town name which incorporates two elements of Saxon
placenaming - ham and ton - meaning estate and farm respectively. The Saxon town was
called both Hamwic - a hemmed-in trading place - and Hamtun - a hemmed-in town. Other
Saxon placenames to have survived include Twyford - two fords; Havant - Hamas's spring;
Fareham - bracken covered estate; and Romsey - Isle of Rum!
Sefardi
Germany
SANTANDER DEL SUR
CUNDINAMARCA
Hispanic: What does it Mean?
The term Hispanic comes from the noun Spania, the name which was given by the ancient
Carthaginians who colonized the southern part of the Iberian peninsula (Spain) around
500 years B.C.
The Roman Empire occupied the peninsula in the first century A.D. They brought state
authority, law, education, and commerce. They also brought architecture, roads,
livestock and Roman Catholicism. The language of Roman Spania became Latin and the
peninsula was known as Hispania. The Roman Latin formed the basis for the 'Romance
Languages: "Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese and Romanian. LATINO is Spanish for
Latin, which is often used to describe us in contemporary U.S.A. It is only partially
correct.
It is irrational to deny 2,000 years of Spanish history and culture. We are not only
the children of the Spanish Conquistadors, but we are the result of the commingling of
the Indigenous people and those of Spanish blood. From this, a new dominant racial
group was created: the MESTIZO. We became the people who assimilated the Hispanic
ancestry, culture, and language. We commingled it with the history, language and
culture of our indigenous forefathers
FIRST CHAPTER OF THE NOVEL SIETE MINUTOS by Ismael Camacho Arango
The backyard looked dark with its muddy floor and shrubs growing by the
wall, as the sun careered through the sky in its journey towards infinity.
Shifting on the mud by the edge of a puddle, Homer played with his toys in the
water. After enticing ants with a sweet he had put in a paper boat, he made it
capsize amidst the mud. After struggling for a few moments, their bodies
floated in the water shining under the sun.
"Hurrah," he said.
Homer danced around the puddle, as a woman appeared at the door wearing a
dressing gown and with her some of her hair tied in a bun. Avoiding the toys
and other things on the floor, she stood by the puddles Homer had made, little
dots floating amidst the mud. After invading their kitchen, the ants had gone
to the other rooms until the house had been full of the insects. Shivering in
the breeze blowing through the garden, mother pushed a few strands of hair back.
"It's time for lunch," she said.
Those words brought Homer back to reality. He had to eat before conquering
the world.
"Wash your hands now," she said.
Leaving a trail of mud on the floor, he washed himself in the sink, as
footsteps echoed in the corridor and father appeared at the door. Middle aged,
plump and with a round face, he wore an apron over his big stomach while
fiddling with his hands.
"I have a surprise," he said.
Mother stopped with a plate in her hands, smoke rising to the ceiling like
a staircase to heaven. Father didn't bring surprises very often, apart from a
day when he had found a puppy in the street but she had taken it to the dog
shelter in spite of Homer?s complaints. A small man interrupted the silence,
his glasses shining under the light of the electric bulb. Homer watched the
stranger waiting by the door as the clock ticked and silence filled everything.
"Uncle Hugh," mother said. "We didn?t expect you today."
After disentangling herself from his arms, mother poured soup on another
bowl as Uncle Hugh sat by Homer?s side, before pushing his glasses up his nose.
Sipping his soup, he talked of his adventure in the sea, where he had been sick
the whole time.
"You should have taken an alka seltzer," mother said.
"Nothing works for me."
The man had not enjoyed the fresh Caribbean sun amidst his bouts of
sickness. Homer imagined his uncle looking at the land in the horizon, full of
trees and hope, while his stomach hurt. Then the man put a large hand on his
shoulders.
"I remember the day you rescued a dollar bill," Uncle Hugh said.
"After flying to the branches of a tree, he put it in his wet nappy,"
mother said.
Homer knew all the rest. A neighbour who happened to be hanging the
washing at that moment dropped her husband?s pants in the mud, and he left her
for the barmaid living next door. School children sang songs of glory as Father
Ricardo praised the qualities of the child during Sunday mass. Everyone loved
him because he was a star. Then Uncle Hugh found a black and whiter photograph
in the bottom of his bag.
"This is you," he said. "I took this picture with my first camera."
A chubby baby with long hair and a toothless smile sat in a chair. Mother
had curled his hair to make him look like an angel for the picture.
"I developed it in my studio," Uncle Hugh said.
Talking of Homer?s childhood, mother served lunch in his plate while the
breeze moved the branches of the tree outside the window. Born during a solar
eclipse, he had cried for the first time with the retreating shadows, while
doctors and nurses looked at the sun from the hospital roof. An old nurse who
didn?t have good eyes had helped with the delivery, and after mother had pushed
a few times, Homer had been born. Then the nurse had muttered those famous words.
"You have a girl," she had said.
Hiding behind the shadow of the moon, the sun had been absent during
Homer?s birth. He tried to imagine that moment when mother thought she had the
daughter she always wanted as father sulked. As the nurse delivered the
placenta, she discovered her mistake a few moments later.
"He had lots of dark hair," father said.
"He was a darling," mother said.
After wiping a tear, mother looked at the pictures on the wall, where she
held a baby in her arms. Following her gaze, Homer remembered when they had
sailed under the stars and towards the unknown. Then Uncle Hugh gave him a
shiny cent he had found in his pocket.
"Put it in your money box," he said. "It will bring you good luck."
"He's a good boy," mother said.
Homer admired the coin as the moment stretched into infinity, and the brown
marks on the wall turned into monsters, fighting amidst the buildings where the
dollar reigned supreme.
"It's time to go to bed," mother said.
Homer rushed upstairs after wishing them goodnight. Once in his room, he
emptied his bag on the bed and counted all the pesos he had collected over the
weeks, but his uncle?s coin was the prettiest. Homer put it in his bag before
he went to sleep.
Uncle Hugh slept in the guest room, next to marks on the wall undergoing
some kind of transformation. Homer imagined his uncle fighting the spirits of
the house when they slept that night.
The man had gone by the time Homer had
his breakfast next morning, but he had his coin and the mysteries of his birth
had been revealed to him. He thought of the dark sun deserting the moment of
his birth, while sailing his boats in the pond.
Homer retreated into a world
full of fantasy by the time Uncle Hugh visited them a few months later. The man
brought him a few toy cars and a tricycle.
"You can go around your tree now," he said.
Homer played with his cars as Uncle Hugh spoke of his life as a journalist
in New York, chasing film stars in their limousines in a place called Broadway.
Money filled Homer?s mind when he played with his trucks later. Then he saw a
skinny boy hiding behind the tree. At first Homer thought he was a shadow until
he noticed his dirty hair and freckles.
"Hello," he said.
The boy remained quiet as time went past in this new reality where someone
had invaded his universe.
"I'm Jose," the child said at last.
Homer studied the stranger with dirty shoes and stained shirt as he left
muddy streaks across his face, after wiping his nose.
"Would you like to play with my cars" he asked.
Kneeling down on the floor, Jose ran one of the trucks along the track of
dirt leading to the fence. Then his truck flew around the yard, pretending to
be a plane, but he fell on his face and Homer laughed. After washing his hands
in the water tap by the door, he played with the cars again, taking mud around
the garden.
"I come from the jungle," he said.
Homer shrugged. "You?re a liar."
================================================
Ancestors of Camacho, Jose Ismael Note: for privacy reasons names of living persons are excluded.
Getting Around There are several ways to browse the family tree. The Family View shows the person you have selected in the center, with his/her photo on the left and notes on the right. Above are the father and mother and below are the children. The Ancestor Chart shows the person you have selected in the left, with the photograph above and children below. On the right are the parents, grandparents and great-grandparents. The Descendant Chart shows the person you have selected in the left, with the photograph and parents below. On the right are the children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Your site can generate various Reports for each name in your family tree. You can select a name from the list on the top-right menu bar.
In addition to the charts and reports you have Photo Albums, the Events list and the Relationships tool. Family photographs are organized in the Photo Index. Each Album's photographs are accompanied by a caption. To enlarge a photograph just click on it. Keep up with the family birthdays and anniversaries in the Events list. Birthday and Anniversaries of living persons are listed by month. Want to know how you are related to anybody ? Check out the Relationships tool.
SiteMap | Visitors: 270 Pages Served: 11,625 | TribalPages Forum